Prevention and treatment of moisture-related skin lesions

A humid environment has a significant impact on skin health; excessive moisture can damage the skin barrier function and increase the risk of injury. Properly managing skin moisture is key to preventing and treating moisture-related skin damage.

How do humid environments damage the skin?

Excessive moisture leads to overhydration of the stratum corneum, loosening the connections between cells. It alters the skin's pH level, weakening its natural protective function. Increased friction means even minor external forces can cause epidermal peeling. Microorganisms, especially Candida and bacteria, proliferate more easily. Skin temperature rises, and metabolic activity intensifies. Prolonged moisture can also cause inflammatory reactions, resulting in symptoms such as erythema and erosion.

What are some common moisture-related skin lesions?

Incontinence-associated dermatitis is caused by long-term irritation from urine or feces. It commonly occurs in the perineum, buttocks, and groin. It manifests as poorly defined erythema, papules, and erosions. It is often accompanied by burning sensation, itching, and pain.

maceration dermatitis is caused by prolonged immersion in water. It commonly occurs on the skin around wounds and in skin folds. The skin turns white, softens, and wrinkles; in severe cases, the epidermis may peel off.

Heat rash caused by sweat buildup often occurs in areas with a high concentration of sweat glands. It manifests as dense clusters of red papules or clear small blisters, accompanied by significant itching and stinging.

Excessive wound exudation can cause skin problems around the wound. The exudate contains proteases that can corrode the surrounding skin. This can lead to erythema, erosion, and itching.

How to effectively assess skin condition?

Observe changes in skin color, identifying abnormalities such as erythema and hyperpigmentation. Examine the integrity of the skin, noting any breaks, erosions, or scaling. Assess the extent and severity of dampness, recording the affected area. Understand the symptoms, including subjective sensations such as pain and itching. Analyze the source of the dampness, determining whether it is sweat, urine, or wound exudate. Consider the patient's overall condition, including mobility and self-care ability.

What are the key points of preventive measures?

Controlling sources of moisture is fundamental. For incontinent patients, develop an individualized bowel management plan. Use highly absorbent care products and change them promptly. Keep skin clean, choosing a mild, pH-balanced cleanser. Apply a skin protectant to form an effective protective layer. Manage wound exudate, choosing appropriate dressings. Control ambient temperature and humidity, and maintain adequate ventilation. Wear breathable, moisture-wicking clothing, avoiding synthetic fiber materials.

What are the methods for treating existing damage?

Remove irritants and gently wash with lukewarm water. Use a non-irritating cleansing product and avoid vigorous rubbing. Pat the skin dry rather than rub, paying attention to skin folds. Apply a barrier cream to protect the damaged skin. Choose an appropriate dressing to manage exudate. Consider using antifungal medication to prevent secondary infection. Pain relievers can be used if pain is significant. Severe cases require professional medical help.

What precautions should be taken when choosing dressings?

Choose a dressing with appropriate absorbency based on the amount of exudate. Consider the dressing's breathability and water retention. Be mindful of the dressing's impact on the surrounding skin. Avoid using products that are too sticky. Regularly assess the dressing's effectiveness and adjust it as needed. Consider silver-containing dressings for patients at high risk of infection.

The Importance of Patient Education?

Provide guidance on proper skin care methods. Explain the importance of preventative measures. Demonstrate how to use skin care products. Develop personalized care plans. Conduct regular follow-ups to assess effectiveness. Encourage patient participation in care.

Moisture-related skin lesions are entirely preventable and controllable through scientific management. The key lies in identifying risk factors, taking targeted measures, and maintaining continuous care. The collaborative efforts of healthcare professionals, patients, and caregivers are crucial for achieving good results.

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Editor: kiki Jia